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1.
Salud ment ; 46(4): 177-184, Jul.-Aug. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1522914

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Adolescents who practice sports have better mental health indicators. Objective To analyze the association between different types of physical activity (systematized exercise, individual, and collective sports), mental health, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study with 666 Brazilian adolescents (14-19 y.o.) attending high schools and selected using random cluster sampling. The mental health indicators analyzed were evaluated through the Self Reporting Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, including suicidal ideation. We also obtained physical activity information through questionnaires. Results There was a higher prevalence related to mental disorders (54.2% vs. 32.5%), difficulties related to mental health (79.6% vs. 48.4%), and suicidal thoughts (22.9% vs. 11.4%) in girls than in boys (p < .001 for all). The boys engaged in more team sports (41.0 vs. 23.8), whereas girls performed more exercise (45.1 vs. 26.5; p < .001). Discussion and conclusion The practice of team sports helps develop the collective spirit, stimulates social interaction, and develops reasoning and emotional intelligence. Boys who play team sports have fewer symptoms of common mental disorders, lower mental health problems, and less suicidal ideation than physically inactive boys.


Resumen Introducción Los adolescentes que practican deportes tienen mejores indicadores de salud mental. Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre los diferentes tipos de actividad física (ejercicio sistematizado, deportes individuales y colectivos), la salud mental y la ideación suicida en adolescentes. Método Se realizó un estudio transversal realizado con 666 adolescentes brasileños (14-19 años) que asisten a escuelas secundarias y fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Los indicadores de salud mental analizados fueron evaluados a través del Cuestionario de Autoinforme y el Cuestionario de Fortalezas y Dificultades, incluyendo la ideación suicida. También obtuvimos información de la actividad física a través de cuestionarios. Resultados Hubo una mayor prevalencia relacionada con trastornos mentales (54.2% contra 32.5%), dificultades relacionadas con la salud mental (79.6% contra 48.4%) y pensamientos suicidas (22.9% contra 11.4%) en niñas que en niños (p < .001 para todos). Los chicos practicaban más deportes de equipo (41.0 contra 23.8), mientras que las chicas hacían más ejercicio (45.1 contra 26.5; p < .001). Discusión y conclusión La práctica de deportes de equipo ayuda en el desarrollo del espíritu colectivo, estimula la interacción social, desarrolla el razonamiento y la inteligencia emocional. Los niños que practican deportes de equipo tienen menos síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes, menos problemas de salud mental y menos ideación suicida en comparación con los niños físicamente inactivos.

2.
Salud ment ; 45(3): 125-133, May.-Jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395096

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction The increase in sedentary screen time can negatively affect the quality of sleep, impacting the performance of daily activities. Objective To analyze the association between sedentary screen time and sleep quality, regardless of the symptoms of anxiety in adolescents of both genders. Method Cross-sectional study integrating school-based epidemiological research with a representative sample (n = 666) of high school students (14 to 19 years old) in public schools in the municipality of Caruaru-PE. The translated versions into Portuguese of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) were applied to analyze sleep quality and anxiety, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association, considering sleep quality as an outcome. Results There was a positive, statistically significant (p< .001) correlation between sleep quality and symptoms of anxiety (r = .393). A significant association regarding the association between screen time and sleep quality was noted only in those adolescents classified as being possible or probable anxiety cases and only in exposure to the computer (OR = 2.337; 95% CI [1.01, 5.43]) and video games (OR = 8.083; 95% CI [2.0, 32.8]) after adjusting for gender, age, and school shift. Discussion and conclusion Increased interaction with the screen and higher levels of anxiety can be more harmful to sleep in adolescents. Exposure to screen time, specifically those which have a greater interaction such as video games and computers, can have a negative impact on sleep quality, but only in adolescents with a higher risk of anxiety.


Resumen Introducción Un elevado tiempo de exposición de pantalla puede afectar tanto la calidad del sueño como las actividades diarias. Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre el tiempo de pantalla sedentario y la calidad del sueño, independientemente de los síntomas de ansiedad en adolescentes de ambos sexos. Método Estudio transversal que integra la investigación epidemiológica escolar con una muestra representativa (n = 666) de estudiantes (14 a 19 años) de escuelas públicas de Caruaru-PE. Las versiones traducidas al portugués del Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HAD) se aplicaron para analizar la calidad del sueño y la ansiedad. Se utilizó regresión logística binaria para analizar la asociación, considerando como resultado la calidad del sueño. Resultados Hubo una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa (p< .001) entre la calidad del sueño y los síntomas de ansiedad (r = .393). Una asociación significativa en cuanto a la asociación entre el tiempo de pantalla y la calidad del sueño se observó sólo en adolescentes clasificados como casos posibles o probables de ansiedad y sólo en la exposición al ordenador (OR = 2.337; IC 95% [1.01, 5.43]) y videojuegos (OR = 8.083; 95% IC [2.0, 32.8]) después de los ajustes. Discusión y conclusión Una mayor interacción con la pantalla y altos niveles de ansiedad pueden ser perjudiciales para el sueño. La exposición al tiempo de pantalla, específicamente aquellos con mayor interacción, como los videojuegos y las computadoras, puede afectar negativamente la calidad del sueño, pero sólo en adolescentes con mayor riesgo de ansiedad.

3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 55: e0741, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365434

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients who require hospitalization can persist for months, significantly affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, the present study aimed to discuss the main findings regarding HRQoL in post-COVID-19 patients who required hospitalization. An electronic search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus databases, without date and language restrictions, until July 2021. Twenty-four articles were included in the analysis. It seems that HRQoL partially improved soon after hospital discharge, although the negative impact on HRQoL may persist for months. The physical and mental aspects are affected because patients report pain, discomfort, anxiety, and depression. The HRQoL of COVID-19 infected patients was worse than that of uninfected patients. Additionally, HRQoL seemed worse in patients admitted to the intensive care unit than in those who remained in the ward. Improvements in HRQoL after hospital discharge are independent of imaging improvement, and there seems to be no association between HRQoL after hospital discharge and disease severity on hospital admission. Many factors have been identified as determinants of HRQoL, with women and advanced age being the most related to worse HRQOL, followed by the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and the need for intensive care. Other factors included the presence and number of comorbidities, lower forced vital capacity, high body mass index, smoking history, undergraduate education, and unemployment. In conclusion, these findings may aid in clinical management and should be considered in the aftercare of patients.

4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 55: e0657, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365438

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease associated with poverty in which patients are surrounded by stigma. These factors can contribute to reducing health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Therefore, a broad discussion of HRQoL in the CD population is required. This study aimed to discuss the main findings of HRQoL in patients with CD, focusing on the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, echocardiographic and functional determinants, and the effect of non-invasive interventions on HRQoL. A literature search of the MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and LILACS databases was performed with no data or language restrictions. Twenty-two articles were included in this meta-analysis. In general, HRQoL is worse in patients with CD than in healthy individuals, particularly in the presence of cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal symptoms. Sex, age, functional class, level of physical activity, healthy habits, and medications received could affect HRQoL. Among the echocardiographic and functional determinants, decreased systolic function seems to negatively affect HRQoL. No association with the peak oxygen uptake was observed in the maximal tests. By contrast, well-tolerated field tests with submaximal intensities were associated with HRQoL. Both pharmaceutical care and exercise training have a positive effect on the HRQoL of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, and the mental component can be a prognostic marker in this population. In conclusion, assessment of HRQoL can provide important information about the health status of patients with CD, and its use in clinical practice is warranted.

5.
Saude e pesqui. (Impr.) ; 14(2): 361-368, abr-jun 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291100

ABSTRACT

Analisar a associação entre o fumo passivo e o consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas entre adolescentes. Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e abrangência estadual, em uma amostra de 6.264 adolescentes, captados por amostragem aleatória por conglomerados. Os dados foram recolhidos por meio do Global School-Based Student Health Survey. O teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson (x²) e a regressão logística binária foram utilizados nas análises dos dados. Observou-se exposição significante ao fumo passivo (70,7%), e identificou-se que a exposição ao fumo passivo esteve associado com o consumo de álcool (OR = 2,04; IC 95%: 1,72 2,42) e drogas ilícitas (OR = 4,33; IC 95%: 2,72 6,90), mesmo entre aqueles adolescentes que não fumam e seus pais não fumam e independentemente do sexo, idade e escolaridade materna. O fumo passivo esteve associado ao consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas pelos adolescentes, excluindo uso de cigarro por parte dos jovens e dos seus pais


To analyze an association between secondhand smoke and alcohol and illicit drug use among adolescents. Epidemiological, descriptive study, with a quantitative approach and state coverage, in a sample of 6,264 adolescents, captured by random sampling by clusters. Data were collected using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Pearson's chi-square test (x²) and binary logistic regression were used in the data analysis. There was a significant exposed to secondhand smoke (70.7%). In addition, it was found that exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.72 2.42) and illicit drugs (OR = 4.33; 95% CI: 2.72 6.90), even among those adolescents who do not smoke and their parents do not smoke and regardless of gender, age and maternal education. Passive smoking was associated with alcohol and illicit drug use by adolescents, excluding the use of cigarettes by young people and their parents

6.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 28(2): 149-156, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128072

ABSTRACT

The intensity employed in the agonist-antagonist paired-set (AAPS) system may influence neuromuscular performance due to increased fatigue and decreased antagonist coactivation. However, it is not yet known whether performing submaximal repetitions at different intensities (i.e., wit h out m uscle failure) negatively affects agonist muscle performance. The aim of this study was to verify the acute effect of the AAPSsystem performed at different intensities with submaximal repetitions. 20 trained m ales in resistance training (RT) (21.8 [3.1] years; 76.9 [9.7] kg; 1.7 [0.0] m; 24.3 [2.6] kg/m2 ) participated of this investigation. All the participants were allocated in a randomized order in one of the two AAPS configurations: high-load (HL) or low-load (LL). In the HL condition, the individuals were submit t ed to one set of eight repetitions at 75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the knee flexion (i.e., antagonist), followed by 75% 1RM knee extension (i.e., agonist) exercise until momentary concentric failure. In t he LL condition, they performed one set of 12 repetitions at 50% 1RMin the knee flexion, followed by knee extension at 75%1RM also until momentary concentric failure. Both experimental conditions p resented similar values for the number of repetitions, without significant difference (p= 0.66, ES= 0.15). Thus, our data suggest that the adoption of AAPS system without an increase of the antagonist fatigue and consequently no reduction of coactivation, acutely, may not lead to increased p erfo rm an ce o f target musculature during a resistance exercise session...(AU)


A intensidade empregada no sistema agonista-antagonista pareado por série ( AAPS) pode influenciar o desempenho neuromuscular devido ao aumento da fadiga e diminuição da co ativação do antagonista. No entanto, ainda não se sabe se realizar repetições submáximas em diferentes intensidades (i.e., sem falha muscular) afeta negativamente o desempenho muscular. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito agudo do sistema AAPS realizado em diferentes intensidades com repetições submáximas. 20 homens treinados em treinamento resistido (TR) (21.8 ± 3.1 anos; 76.9 ± 9.7 kg; 1.7 ± 0.0 m; 24.3 ± 2.6 kg/m2 ) participaram desta investigação. Todos os participantes foram alocados, de forma aleatória, em uma das duas configurações do sistema AAPS: alta-carga (AC) ou baixa- carga (BC). Na condição AC, os indivíduos foram submetidos a uma série de oito repetições a 75% 1RMno exercício de flexão do joelho (i.e., antagonista), seguido por uma série a 75% 1RM de extensão do joelho até a falha oncêntrica momentânea. Ambas as condições experimentais apresentaram v alores sim ilares para o número de repetições, sem diferença significante (p = 0.66, TE = 0.15). Assim, nossos dados sugerem que a adoção do sistema AAPSsem aumento da fadiga do antagonista e consequentemente sem redução da coativação, agudamente, pode não levar ao aumento do desempenho da musculatura alvo durante uma sessão de exercício resistido...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Exercise , Efficiency , Resistance Training , Knee , Men , Muscles , Physical Endurance , Exercise Test , Physical Exertion , Muscle Strength
7.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 27(4): 117-124, out.-dez. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1052658

ABSTRACT

Hypertensive patients have high blood pressure and poor cardiovascular health and it is known that hypertension negatively affects people's health-related quality of life. Meta-analyses have shown that isometric handgrip training (IHT) reduces blood pressure in hypertensives, but the effects of IHT on health-related quality of life is unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that the IHT improves health-related quality of life in hypertensives. In this randomized controlled trial, 48 hypertensive individuals were randomly assigned to two groups: IHT and control. IHT was completed thrice weekly (4 × 2 min at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction). Before and after 12 weeks healthrelated quality of life was assessment through Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 (SF36). No significant effect was observed for physical function (IHT: 85.6±4.6 vs. 81.1±7.2; Control: 78.6±76.7±4.9), physical problems (IHT: 71.4±10.1vs. 83.9±8.1; Control: 73.8±8.2 vs. 64.3±8.0), general health (IHT: 56.1±3.7 vs. 57.1±1.9; Control: 54.3±1.6 vs. 57.6±2.1), pain (IHT: 23.6±4.6 vs. 30.7±5.8; Control: 32.9±4.5 vs. 31.9±4.3), social aspects (IHT: 46.4±3.6 vs. 50.0±2.3; Control: 48.8±2.7 vs. 48.8±1.7), emotional problems (IHT: 85.7±8.4 vs. 92.9±5.2; Control: 79.4±7.8 vs. 71.4±6.6), mental health (IHT: 61.7±2.8 vs. 58.0±2.5; Control: 54.5±2.4 ± 55.6±1.9), and vitality (IHT: 60.0±4.3 vs. 58.6±4.0; Control: 50.7±2.9 vs. 53.6±3.0) after 12-weeks of supervised IHT (p>0.05 for all). In conclusion, 12-weeks of IHT does not improve health-related quality of life in hypertensives. Therefore, in order to improve quality of life, other exercises should be an indicated for hypertensive patients...(AU)


Pacientes hipertensos têm pressão arterial elevada e saúde cardiovascular prejudicada, e, sabese que a hipertensão também afeta negativamente a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde. Meta-análises têm demonstrado que o treinamento de exercício isométrico com handgrip (IHT) reduz pressão arterial, mas os efeitos do IHT na qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde são esconhecidos. Portanto, foi testado a hipótese que o IHT melhora a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde em hipertensos. Nesse ensaio clínico controlado randomizado, 48 hipertensos foram randomizados em IHT e controle. IHT foi realizado três vezes semanais (4 x 2 minutos a 30% da contração voluntária máxima). Antes e após 12 semanas, a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde foi avaliada pelo Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36. Nenhum efeito significante foi observado para função física (IHT: 85,6±4,6 vs. 81,1±7,2; Controle: 78,6±76,7±4,9), problemas físicos (IHT: 71,4±10,1 vs. 83,9±8,1; Controle: 73,8±8,2 vs. 64,3±8,0), estado geral de saúde (IHT: 56,1±3,7 vs. 57,1±1,9; Controle: 54,3±1,6 vs. 57,6±2,1), dor (IHT: 23,6±4,6 vs. 30,7±5,8; Controle: 32,9±4,5 vs. 31,9±4,3), aspectos sociais (IHT: 46,4±3,6 vs. 50,0±2,3; Controle: 48,8±2,7 vs. 48,8±1,7), problemas emocionais (IHT: 85,7±8,4 vs. 92,9±5,2; Controle: 79,4±7,8 vs. 71,4±6,6), saúde mental (IHT: 61,7±2,8 vs. 58,0±2,5; Controle: 54,5±2,4 ± 55,6±1,9), e vitalidade (IHT: 60,0±4,3 vs. 58,6±4,0; Controle: 50,7±2,9 vs. 53,6±3,0) após 12 semanas de IHT (p>0.05 para todos). Em conclusão, 12 semanas de IHT não melhora a qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde em hipertensos. Portanto, para melhorar a qualidade de vida, outras modalidades de exercício deveriam ser indicadas para pacientes hipertensos...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality of Life , Exercise , Health , Arterial Pressure , Hypertension , Physical Education and Training
8.
Rev. bras. ativ. fís. saúde ; 24: 1-8, out. 2019. fig, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026742

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi sintetizar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, os efeitos do Pilates na qualidade de sono em adultos e idosos. Para tanto, recorreu-se à revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos que analisaram os efeitos do Pilates na qualidade do sono, publicados em periódicos indexados na base de dados do PubMed/Medline, LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) e SCOPUS publicados até 2019. Foram incluídos oito estudos nesta revisão, totalizando 608 participantes de 18 a 64 anos de idade. Dentre os estudos, três incluíram idosos na amostra. Os protocolos dos programas variaram de 4 a 16 semanas, com 2 a 3 sessões semanais, com duração média de 120 a 180 minutos de atividade por semana. A quantidade de exercícios variou de 13 a 15 exercícios, realizados em 1 ou 2 séries, com 8 a 12 repetições, trabalhando o controle da respiração. Todos os estudos utilizaram o Mat Pilates como forma de intervenção e avaliaram a qualidade do sono com questionário Pittsburgh Sleep QualityIndex (PSQI) ou da Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESS). Foi observado nestes estudos uma melhora do PSQI com base no aumento da eficiência e qualidade geral do sono e redução na latência do sono, bem como uma redução no escore da ESS após as intervenções. Os resultados reportados indicaram que o programa de Mat Pilates promoveu melhoria na qualidade do sono de adultos e idosos


The aim of this study was to synthesize, through a systematic review, the effects of Pilates on sleep quality in adults and elderly. Therefore, a systematic review of clinical trials analyzing the effects of Pilates on sleep quality, published in journals indexed in the PubMed/Medline database, LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and SCOPUS published until 2019 was performed. Eight studies were included in this review, with total sample size of 608 participants aged from 18 to 64 years. Among the studies, three included the elderly in the sample. Program protocols ranged from 4 to 16 weeks, 2 to 3 sessions, average duration of 120 to 180 minutes per week. The number of exercises ranged from 13 to 15 exercises, performed in 1 or 2 sets, 8 to 12 repetitions, with breathing control. All studies used the Mat Pilates as intervention and assessed sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) or the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). It was observed an improvement in the PSQI score through increased sleep efficiency and overall quality and reduced sleep latency, and a reduction in ESS score after interventions. The reported results indicated that the Mat Pilates program improved sleep quality in adults and elderly


Subject(s)
Sleep , Exercise Movement Techniques , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
9.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(4): 458-465, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040337

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between total physical activities, physical activity in free time and nutritional status with self-perceived health in adolescents of both genders. Methods: This is a quantitative study that integrates the school-based, cross-sectional epidemiological survey with statewide coverage, whose sample consisted of 6261 adolescents (14 -19 years old) selected by random conglomerate sampling. Data were collected using the Global School-based Student Health Survey. The chi-squared test (χ 2) and the Poisson regression model with robust variance were used in the data analyses. Results: It was observed that 27.3% of the adolescents had a negative health self-perception, which was higher among girls (33.0% vs. 19.0%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, it was observed that boys who did not practice physical activity during free time (PR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15 -1.81) and were classified as insufficiently active (PR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04 -1.56), as well as girls who did not practice physical activity during free time (PR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02 -1.29) and were classified as overweight (PR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01 -1.29) had a greater chance of negative health self-perception. Conclusion: Behavioral issues may have different effects on health self-perception when comparing boys with girls. Negative health self-perception was associated with nutritional status in girls and a lower level of physical activity in boys, and the practice of physical activity in the free time was considered a protective factor against a negative health self-perception for adolescents of both genders.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre atividade física total, atividade física no tempo livre e estado nutricional com a autopercepção de saúde em adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, que integra o levantamento epidemiológico transversal de base escolar e abrangência estadual, cuja amostra foi constituída por 6.261 adolescentes (14 a 19 anos) selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória de conglomerados. Os dados foram coletados a partir do questionário Global School-based Student Health Survey. O teste de qui-quadrado (χ2) e o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta foram usados nas análises dos dados. Resultados: Observou-se que 27,3% dos adolescentes tinham uma autopercepção de saúde negativa, maior entre as meninas (33,0% vs. 19,0%; p < 0,001). Após o ajuste pelos potenciais fatores de confusão, constatou-se que tinham maior chance de ter uma autopercepção de saúde negativa os meninos que não praticavam atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,44; IC 95%: 1,15-1,81) e que eram classificados como insuficientemente ativos (RP = 1,27; IC 95%: 1,04-1,56) e as meninas que não praticavam atividade física no tempo livre (RP = 1,15; IC 95%: 1,02-1,29) e que eram classificadas como sobrepesadas (RP = 1,27; IC 95%: 1,01-1,29). Conclusão: Questões comportamentais podem ter diferentes repercussões na autopercepção de saúde quando comparados os meninos e meninas. A autopercepção de saúde negativa esteve associada ao estado nutricional entre as meninas e a um menor nível de atividade física entre os meninos e a prática de atividade física no tempo livre foi tida como fator de proteção para uma autopercepção de saúde negativa para os adolescentes de ambos os sexos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Self Concept , Exercise , Health Status , Nutritional Status , Schools , Socioeconomic Factors , Students , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys , Adolescent Behavior , Adolescent Health
10.
J. Phys. Educ. (Maringá) ; 30: e3020, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002398

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The 30% maximal voluntary contraction protocol for isometric handgrip exercise is widely used to improve the cardiovascular system. However, it is unknown whether intensity modulation affects these responses. Objective: To analyze acute cardiovascular responses after isometric handgrip exercise performed at different intensities. Twenty-three healthy men participated in this cross-over study. The volunteers performed three experimental sessions: 4x2 minutes of contraction at 30% (S30) MVC and 4x2 minutes of contraction at 50% (S50) MVC, besides control (CS). Blood pressure (BP) as well as time (SDNN, RMSSD and PNN50) and frequency (LF, HF and LF/HF) domain heart rate variability parameters were obtained before and after sessions. None of the experimental sessions promoted statistically significant changes in systolic and diastolic BP (p> 0.05 for all). After S50, there was a smaller increase in SDNN five minutes after the exercise (S50: +5±6, S30: +20±5, SC: +10±2 ms, p <0.05) and higher LF/HF after 20 minutes (S50: +1.59±0.80, S30: -0.49±0.49, SC: +0.39±0.49, p <0.05) compared to the other sessions. In conclusion, BP responses to isometric handgrip exercise are similar between intensities; however, the most intense exercise promoted a greater increase in sympathetic modulation and decrease in parasympathetic modulation after exercise.


RESUMO O protocolo com 30% da contração voluntária máxima do exercício isométrico com handgrip é amplamente utilizada para melhoria do sistema cardiovascular. Todavia, é desconhecido se a modulação da intensidade afetam essas respostas. Objetivou analisar as respostas cardiovasculares agudas após exercício isométrico com handgrip realizado em diferentes intensidades. Fizeram parte deste estudo cross-over 23 homens saudáveis. Os voluntários realizaram três sessões experimentais: 4x2 minutos de contração a 30% (S30) e 4x2 minutos de contração a 50% (S50) da contração voluntária máxima e controle (SC). A pressão arterial (PA) e os parâmetros da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca do domínio do tempo (SDNN, RMSSD e PNN50) e da frequência (LF, HF e LF/HF) foram obtidos antes e após as sessões. Nenhuma das sessões experimentais promoveram alterações estatisticamente significantes na PA sistólica e diastólica (p>0,05 para todos). Após a S50, houve menor aumento do SDNN nos cinco minutos pós-exercício (S50:+5±6; S30:+20±5;SC:+10±2 ms, p<0,05) e maior aumento do LF/HF após 20 minutos (S50:+1,59±0,80;S30:-0,49±0,49;SC:+0,39±0,49, p<0,05) comparado as demais sessões. Conclui-se que as respostas da PA ao exercício isométrico de handgrip são similares entre as intensidade, no entanto, o exercício mais intenso promoveu maior aumento da modulação simpática e redução da modulação parassimpática após exercício.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Arterial Pressure , Heart Rate , Cardiovascular System , Exercise/physiology
11.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 17(1): eAO4377, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975107

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between parental smoking and the use of alcohol and illicit drugs among adolescent children. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 6,264 adolescents (59.7% female) aged between 14 and 19 years. To establish the sample, we used two-stage cluster random sampling. The data on parental smoking and use of cigarettes, alcohol and illicit drugs among adolescents were collected using a questionnaire. Results: Smoking adolescents were more prone to use alcohol (odds ratio − OR: 10.35; 95%CI: 7.85-13.65) and illicit drugs (OR: 11.75; 95%CI: 9.04-15.26) than non-smokers (p<0.001). Adolescents with at least one parent (OR: 1.4; 95%CI: 1.13-1.89) or both parents smoking (OR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.01-2.67) were more likely to smoke when compared to those having no parents smoking. The adjusted analysis limited to non-smoking adolescents showed a positive association (p<0.05) between parental tobacco use and the use of alcohol (OR: 1.4; 95%CI: 1.23-1.62) and illicit drugs (OR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.24-2.13), irrespective of age, sex, maternal schooling and place of residence. Conclusion: Parental smoking was associated with the use of alcohol and other illicit drugs by adolescents, even among nonsmokers.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre tabagismo parental e uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas dos filhos adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido com 6.264 adolescentes (59,7% meninas) com idade entre 14 e 19 anos. Para estabelecimento da amostra, recorreu-se à amostragem aleatória por conglomerados em dois estágios. Os dados sobre tabagismo dos pais e uso de cigarros, álcool e drogas ilícitas entre os adolescentes foram obtidos por questionário. Resultados: Os adolescentes fumantes eram mais propensos a usar álcool (odds ratio − OR: 10,35; IC95%: 7,85-13,65) e drogas ilícitas (OR: 11,75; IC95%: 9,04-15,26) do que os não fumantes (p<0,001). Os adolescentes que pelo menos um dos pais fumava (OR: 1,4; IC95%: 1,13-1,89) ou os dois fumavam (OR: 1,6; IC95%: 1,01-2,67) tiveram mais chances de fumar quando comparados aos que não tinham pais fumantes. Análise ajustada limitada a adolescentes não fumantes revelou associação positiva (p<0,05) entre o tabagismo dos pais e o consumo de álcool (OR: 1,4; IC95%: 1,23-1,62) e drogas ilícitas (OR: 1,6; IC95%: 1,24-2,13), independentemente de sexo, idade, escolaridade materna e região de moradia. Conclusão: O tabagismo dos pais esteve associado com o consumo de álcool e outras drogas ilícitas em adolescentes, até mesmo entre os não fumantes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Parents , Smoking/epidemiology , Illicit Drugs , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Underage Drinking/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution
12.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 36(3): 315-321, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977058

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação, em adolescentes, entre a percepção da qualidade do sono e a assimilaçãodo conteúdo abordado em salas de aula. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa e abrangência municipal. A amostra foi selecionada por intermédio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória de cluster, sendo constituída por 481 estudantes (de 14 a 19 anos), de ambos os sexos, de escolas da rede pública estadual de ensino médio da cidade de Caruaru, Pernambuco. As análises foram realizadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado e da regressão logística binária. Resultados: 44,1% relataram dificuldade de assimilação do conteúdo abordado em sala, 77,1% dormiam menos de 8 horas e 28,9% tinham uma percepção ruim da qualidade do sono. Constatou-se que os jovens que estudavam pelo menos 1 hora por dia extraclasse tinham menos chance de ter dificuldade de assimilação do conteúdo abordado em sala de aula (OR=0,34; IC95% 0,19-0,58). Verificou-se que aqueles jovens que relataram ter uma percepção ruim da qualidade de sono tinham mais chances de ter dificuldade de assimilação do assunto abordado em sala (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,13-2,65), independentemente de sexo, idade, turno, tempo de estudo fora da sala de aula e quantidade de horas dormidas. Conclusões: A percepção da qualidade do sono, independentemente da quantidade de horas dormidas e do tempo de estudo extraclasse, foi associada com a dificuldade de assimilação do conteúdo abordado em sala de aula.


ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between self-perception of sleep quality and assimilation of content covered in classes by adolescents. Methods: Epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted with 481 high-school students (14 to 19 years), both genders, enrolled in public schools in the city of Caruaru, Pernambuco, and selected by random cluster sampling strategy. Analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: 44.1% of the adolescents reported learning difficulties during classes, 77.1% slept less than eight hours per day, and 28.9% had a bad perception of their sleep quality. Young people who studied at least one extra hour per day out of school had less difficulty in assimilating class content (OR=0.34; 95%CI 0.19-0.58). We also found that participants who reported a bad perception of sleep quality were more likely to have learning difficulties at school (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.13-2.65) regardless of gender, age, school shift, study time out of school, and sleeping hours. Conclusions: Perception of sleep quality was associated with learning difficulties at school regardless of the number of sleeping and study hours.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Sleep , Learning , Quality of Life , Schools , Epidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Self Report
13.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 36(3): 322-328, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977067

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação do exercício físico e da atividade física com a percepção da qualidade do sono em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa que integra o levantamento epidemiológico transversal de base escolar e abrangência estadual cuja amostra foi constituída por 6.261 adolescentes (14 a 19 anos), selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória de conglomerados. Os dados foram coletados a partir do questionário Global School-based Student Health Survey. O teste do qui-quadrado e a regressão logística binária foram utilizados nas análises dos dados. Resultados: Na amostra, 29% dos adolescentes não faziam exercício e não foram classificados como fisicamente ativos. Os adolescentes que não praticavam exercício físico tinham mais chances de apresentar uma percepção negativa da qualidade do sono (OR 1,13, IC95% 1,04-1,28; p=0,043). Não foi encontrada associação entre o nível de atividade física e a percepção da qualidade do sono (OR 1,01, IC95% 0,89-1,14; p=0,868). Ao serem avaliadas as práticas de forma isolada ou simultânea, constatou-se que aqueles que praticavam exercício físico apresentavam menor chance de terem uma percepção negativa da qualidade do sono (OR 0,82, IC95% 0,71-0,95) e, ao praticarem exercício e, paralelamente, terem uma vida fisicamente ativa, essas chances diminuíam ainda mais (OR 0,79, IC95% 0,68-0,93). Conclusões: Ser classificado como fisicamente ativo, por si só, não foi suficiente para uma melhor percepção da qualidade do sono, pois apenas a prática de exercício físico apresentou tal associação.


ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of exercises and physical activity with the perception of sleep quality by adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological survey with statewide coverage, whose sample was composed of 6,261 adolescents (14-19 years old) who were selected by random sampling of conglomerates. The Global School-Based Student Health Survey questionnaire was used for data collection. The chi-square test and the binary logistic regression were applied for data analyses. Results: In the sample, 29% of adolescents did not exercise and were not classified as physically active. Adolescents who did not exercise were more likely to present a negative perception of sleep quality (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.28, p=0.043). No association between the level of physical activity and the perception of sleep quality was found (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.89-1.14, p=0.868). Those who practiced exercises only had less chance of perceiving sleep quality as poor (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.71-0.95). However, those who practiced exercise and had a physically active life had less chances of having a negative perception of their sleep (OR 0.79, 95%CI 0.68-0.93). Conclusions: Practicing physical activity alone was not enough to increase the chances of positive sleep quality perception. Only physical exercise had a positive association with sleep quality perception.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary/immunology , Aspergillus fumigatus , Immunoglobulin E , Cystic Fibrosis/complications
14.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(8): 2575-2585, Aug. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952740

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the association between different sedentary behaviors and high blood pressure in adolescent boys and girls. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 6,264 Brazilian adolescents (14 to 19 years old). Demographic data, obesity indicators and blood pressure, were evaluated. Time spent in the sedentary behaviors (television viewing, playing video games, using the computer, non-screen sitting and, total time sitting) were also assessed. The girls spent more time watching television than boys, whereas boys spent more time using computers and video games (12.7% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001) than girls. Boys who watched more than four hours of television presented higher odds to give high blood pressure after adjustments for physical activity level, body mass index, age and educational level of mother (OR = 2.27, p < 0.001). In girls, we did not find a relation between sedentary behaviors and high blood pressure (p > 0.05). Television viewing time is associated with high blood pressure only boys. So, reduce this sedentary behavior, stimulating physical activities, might be essential to health, principally for male adolescents.


Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a associação entre diferentes comportamentos sedentários e pressão arterial elevada em meninos e meninas adolescentes, em estudo transversal com 6.264 adolescentes brasileiros (14 a 19 anos de idade). Foram avaliados dados demográficos, indicadores de obesidade e pressão arterial, assim como o tempo gasto em comportamentos sedentários (assistir televisão, jogar videogame, usar o computador, e o tempo total sentado). As meninas passaram mais tempo vendo televisão do que os meninos, enquanto estes usaram mais computadores e jogos de vídeogame (12,7% vs. 7,4%, p < 0,001) do que elas. Meninos que assistiram mais de quatro horas de televisão apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter pressão arterial elevada após os ajustes pelo nível de atividade física, índice de massa corporal, idade e nível de instrução da mãe (OR = 2,27, p < 0,001). Com as meninas não foi observada uma relação entre comportamentos sedentários e pressão arterial elevada (p > 0,05). O tempo assistindo televisão esteve associado com a pressão arterial elevada apenas entre os meninos. Assim, reduzir o comportamento sedentário, estimulando atividades físicas, pode ser essencial para a saúde, principalmente para adolescentes do sexo masculino.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Sedentary Behavior , Obesity/epidemiology , Television/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Computers/statistics & numerical data , Body Mass Index , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Video Games/statistics & numerical data
15.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 39(3): 307-313, jul.-set. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-898013

ABSTRACT

Resumo Para comparar e correlacionar dois testes anaeróbicos com a potência aeróbica nove jogadores de futebol passaram por avaliações ao longo de três dias: Wingate (dia 1), yo-yo intermitente (dia 2) e running anaerobic sprint (RAST, dia 3). Foram consideradas a potência máxima absoluta e relativa (Pmax), potência média absoluta e relativa (Pmed), o índice de fadiga (IF%) e o VO2máx. Apenas a Pmed relativa foi diferente entre os testes (p < 0.05). Foram verificadas associações entre a Pmax e Pmed absolutas com o VO2máx (r= -0,69, p < 0,05; r= -0,81; p < 0,05) no Wingate; entre Pmax absoluta e o IF% com o VO2máx (r= -0,83, p < 0,01; r= -0,86; p < 0,01) no RAST. Conclui-se que apenas o RAST possui associações com a capacidade aeróbica.


Abstract To compare and correlate two anaerobic tests with aerobic power, 9 soccer players performed 3 days of evaluations: wingate (day 1), intermining yo-yo (day 2) and running anaerobic sprint test (RAST, day 3). The absolute and relative maximum power (Pmax), absolute and relative mean power (Pmed), fatigue index (IF%) and VO2max were considered. Only Pmed relative was different between the tests (p <0.05). There were associations between absolute Pmax and Pmed with VO2max (r = -0.69, p <0.05, r = -0.81, p <0.05) in Wingate; Between absolute Pmax and IF% with VO2max (r = -0.83, p <0.01, r = -0.86, p <0.01) in the RAST. We conclude that only RAST has associations with aerobic capacity.


Resumen Para comparar y correlacionar dos pruebas anaeróbicas con la potencia aeróbica, 9 jugadores llevaron a cabo evaluaciones durante 3 días: Wingate (día 1), yo-yo intermitente (día 2) y running anaerobic sprint test (RAST, día 3). Se tuvieron en cuenta la potencia máxima absoluta y relativa (Pmáx), la potencia media absoluta y relativa (Pmed), el índice de fatiga (IF%) y el VO2máx. Sólo la Pmed relativa fue diferente entre las pruebas (p < 0,05). Se encontraron asociaciones entre Pmáx y Pmed absoluta con el VO2máx (r = -0,69; p < 0,05; r = -0,81; p < 0,05) en Wingate y entre Pmax absoluta e IF% con el VO2máx (r = -0,83; p < 0,01; r = -0,86; p < 0,01) en el RAST. De ello se desprende que solo el RAST tiene relación con la capacidad aeróbica.

16.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 23(5): 375-379, set.-out. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-898999

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Introdução: O sono é um importante componente no processo de desenvolvimento biológico e mental das crianças e dos adolescentes, considerado fonte de revitalização das funções orgânicas. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o tipo e tempo de exposição à tela, a percepção da qualidade de sono e os episódios de parassonia em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incorpora um levantamento epidemiológico de base escolar com amostra representativa (n = 481) de estudantes (14 a 19 anos) do ensino médio da rede pública estadual do município de Caruaru, PE. Para a análise do sono e do estilo de vida, foi utilizada a versão traduzida e adaptada do Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Recorreu-se à regressão logística binária para análise da associação entre as variáveis, considerando-se como desfecho a percepção negativa da qualidade de sono. Resultados: A prevalência de percepção negativa da qualidade de sono foi de 58% (IC 95% 53,5-62,3). Entre os comportamentos analisados, verificou-se que dormir oito horas ou menos por dia e assistir mais de duas horas de TV por dia aumentam, respectivamente, 2,69 (IC 95% 1,61-4,71) e 1,71 (IC 95% 1,08-2,73) as chances de relatar percepção negativa de sono. O tempo excessivo de tela, sobretudo diante da TV, esteve associado à maior quantidade de episódios de parassonia. Conclusão: A qualidade do sono está relacionada tanto com a quantidade de horas de sono, quanto com o tempo de exposição à TV. Além disso, uma quantidade maior de episódios de parassonia ocorreu entre os adolescentes que assistem mais de três horas de TV por dia.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Sleep is an important component in the process of biological and mental development of children and adolescents, considered a source of revitalization of organic functions. Objective: To analyze the association between the screen type and time of exposure to the screen, the perception of sleep quality, and episodes of parasomnia in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study that incorporates a school-based epidemiological survey with a representative sample (n=481) of high school students (14-19 years old) in the public education network of the city of Caruaru, PE. For the analysis of sleep and lifestyle, the translated and adapted version of the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used. The binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the variables, considering the negative perception of sleep quality as an outcome. Results: The prevalence of negative perception of sleep quality was 58% (95% CI 53.5-62.3). Among the behaviors analyzed, it was found that sleeping eight hours or less per day and watching television more than two hours per day increased, respectively, 2.69 (95% CI 1.61-4.71) and 1.71 (95% CI 1.08-2.73) the chances of reporting negative perception of sleep. Excessive screen time, especially in front of TV, was associated with a greater number of episodes of parasomnia. Conclusion: Sleep quality is related both to the number of hours of sleep and to the time of exposure to TV. In addition, a greater number of episodes of parasomnia occurred among adolescents who watched more than three hours of TV per day.


RESUMEN Introducción: El sueño es un componente importante en el proceso de desarrollo biológico y mental de los niños y adolescentes y se considera una fuente de revitalización de las funciones orgánicas. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el tipo y tiempo de exposición a la pantalla, la percepción de la calidad del sueño y los episodios de parasomnia en adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio transversal que incorpora una pesquisa epidemiológica de base escolar con muestra representativa (n = 481) de estudiantes (14 a 19 años) de la enseñanza media de la red pública estatal del municipio de Caruaru, PE. Para el análisis del sueño y del estilo de vida, se utilizó la versión traducida y adaptada del Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Se recurrió a la regresión logística binaria para analizar la asociación entre las variables, considerando como resultado la percepción negativa de la calidad del sueño. Resultados: La prevalencia de la percepción negativa de la calidad del sueño fue del 58% (IC 95%, 53,5-62,3). Entre los comportamientos analizados, se encontró que dormir ocho horas o menos al día y ver más de dos horas de TV al día aumentan, respectivamente, 2,69 (IC 95%, 1,61-4,71) y 1,71 (IC 95%, 1,08-2,73) las posibilidades de relatar la percepción negativa del sueño. El tiempo excesivo de pantalla, sobre todo ante la TV, se asoció con un mayor número de episodios de parasomnia. Conclusión: La calidad del sueño está relacionada tanto con la cantidad de horas de sueño, como con el tiempo de exposición a la TV. Además, una cantidad mayor de episodios de parasomnia ocurrió entre los adolescentes que asisten más de tres horas de televisión al día.

17.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(3): 236-242, Mar. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-837688

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (r-IPC) administered to pregnant rats, in the ileum of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Methods: We used three pregnant rats and their newborn rats distributed in three groups: 1) Control (C) - Newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which did not undergo any intervention; 2) Hypoxia-Reoxygenation (H/R) - Newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which did not undergo any intervention, and were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation; 3) Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (r-IPC) - newborn rats born from a pregnant rat which was subjected to remote ischemic preconditioning twenty-four hours before giving birth and the newborn rats were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Segments of ileum were prepared for histological analysis by HE and immunohistochemistry by the Ki67 to evaluate cell proliferation, crypt depth and villus height and evaluation of apoptosis by cleaved caspase-3. Results: The intensity of the lesions was lower in the r-IPC than in the H/R group, showing significant difference (p<0.01). The r-IPC group showed a higher proliferative activity compared to the H/R group (p<0.01), with deeper crypts (r-IPC > H/R - p < 0.05), and higher villi, showing significant difference (r-IPC > H/R - (p <0.01). The occurrence of apoptosis in the H/R group was lower in comparison to groups C and r-IPC, with significant difference (H/R < r-IPC; p<0.05). Conclusion: The remote ischemic preconditioning applied to the pregnant rat protected the ileum of newborn rats subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, with decreased intensity of the lesions in the ileum mucosa and preservation of proliferative activity, keeping the villus height and crypt depth similar to group C.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Ischemic Preconditioning/methods , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control , Ileum/blood supply , Time Factors , Pregnancy , Immunohistochemistry , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Cell Hypoxia , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Apoptosis , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Caspase 3/analysis , Ileum/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/blood supply , Animals, Newborn
18.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 108(1): 12-20, Jan. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838670

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Radionuclide ventriculography (RV) is a validated method to evaluate the left ventricular systolic function (LVSF) in small rodents. However, no prior study has compared the results of RV with those obtained by other imaging methods in this context. Objectives: To compare the results of LVSF obtained by RV and echocardiography (ECHO) in an experimental model of cardiotoxicity due to doxorubicin (DXR) in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats serving as controls (n = 7) or receiving DXR (n = 22) in accumulated doses of 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg were evaluated with ECHO performed with a Sonos 5500 Philips equipment (12-MHz transducer) and RV obtained with an Orbiter-Siemens gamma camera using a pinhole collimator with a 4-mm aperture. Histopathological quantification of myocardial fibrosis was performed after euthanasia. Results: The control animals showed comparable results in the LVSF analysis obtained with ECHO and RV (83.5 ± 5% and 82.8 ± 2.8%, respectively, p > 0.05). The animals that received DXR presented lower LVSF values when compared with controls (p < 0.05); however, the LVSF values obtained by RV (60.6 ± 12.5%) were lower than those obtained by ECHO (71.8 ± 10.1%, p = 0.0004) in this group. An analysis of the correlation between the LVSF and myocardial fibrosis showed a moderate correlation when the LVSF was assessed by ECHO (r = -0.69, p = 0.0002) and a stronger correlation when it was assessed by RV (r = -0.79, p < 0.0001). On multiple regression analysis, only RV correlated independently with myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion: RV is an alternative method to assess the left ventricular function in small rodents in vivo. When compared with ECHO, RV showed a better correlation with the degree of myocardial injury in a model of DXR-induced cardiotoxicity.


Resumo Fundamento: A ventriculografia radioisotópica (VRI) é um método validado para avaliação da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo (FSVE) em pequenos roedores. Contudo, nenhum estudo prévio comparou os resultados obtidos com VRI com os obtidos por outros métodos de imagem neste contexto. Objetivos: Comparar os resultados de FSVE obtidos por VRI e por ecocardiografia (ECO) em modelo experimental de cardiotoxicidade por doxorrubicina (DXR) em ratos. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos adultos controles (n = 7) e tratados com DXR (n = 22) em doses acumuladas de 8, 12 e 16 mg/kg, foram avaliados com ECO com equipamento Sonos 5500 Philips (transdutor de 12 MHz) e VRI adquirida em gama-câmara Orbiter-Siemens com colimador pinhole de 4 mm de abertura. Após eutanásia, foi realizada a quantificação histopatológica da fibrose miocárdica. Resultados: Os animais controles apresentaram valores comparáveis na análise da FSVE à ECO e à VRI (83,5 ± 5% e 82,8 ± 2,8%, respectivamente, p > 0,05). Os animais que receberam DXR apresentaram valores menores de FSVE quando comparados aos dos controles (p < 0,05); entretanto, observou-se neste grupo menores valores de FSVE obtidos por VRI (60,6 ± 12,5%) quando comparados aos obtidos pela ECO (71,8 ± 10,1%, p = 0,0004). A análise da correlação entre a FSVE e a fibrose miocárdica mostrou uma correlação moderada quando a FSVE foi estimada com a ECO (r = -0,69, p = 0,0002) e mais forte quando a FSVE foi obtida por VRI (r = -0,79, p < 0,0001). Apenas a VRI apresentou correlação de forma independente com a fibrose miocárdica à análise de regressão múltipla. Conclusão: A VRI é um método alternativo para avaliação da função ventricular esquerda in vivo em pequenos roedores, exibindo comparativamente à ECO melhor correlação com o grau de lesão miocárdica no modelo de cardiotoxicidade por DXR.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Echocardiography , Radionuclide Ventriculography , Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Fibrosis , Doxorubicin , Reproducibility of Results , Rats, Wistar , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Disease Models, Animal , Cardiotoxicity/diagnostic imaging , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
19.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 31: e69, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952100

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate dental implant outcomes and to identify risk factors associated with implant failure over 12 years via dental records of patients attending an educational institution. Dental records of 202 patients receiving 774 dental implants from 2002 to 2014 were analyzed by adopting a more reliable statistical method to evaluate risk factors with patients as the unit [generalized estimating equation (GEE)]. Information regarding patient age at implantation, sex, use of tobacco, and history of systemic diseases was collected. Information about implant location in the arch region and implant length, diameter, and placement in a grafted area was evaluated after 2 years under load. Systemic and local risk factors for early and late implant failure were studied. A total of 18 patients experienced 25 implant failures, resulting in an overall survival rate of 96.8% (2.84% and 0.38% early and late implant failures, respectively). The patient-based survival rate was 91.8%. GEE univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that a significant risk factor for implant failure was the maxillary implant (p = 0.006 and p = 0.014, respectively). Bone grafting appeared to be a risk factor for implant failure (p = 0.054). According to GEE analyses, maxillary implants had significantly worse outcomes in this population and were considered to be a risk factor for implant failure. Our results suggested that implants placed in a bone augmentation area had a tendency to fail.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Dental Implants , Dental Restoration Failure , Time Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Treatment Outcome , Risk Assessment , Maxilla , Middle Aged
20.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 14(4): 461-467, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840274

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents living in urban and rural areas. Methods An epidemiological, cross-section study with quantitative design, carried out at the regional level. The sample comprised 6,234 students aged 14 to 19 years, selected using random cluster sampling. The χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. Results A total of 74.5% of adolescents lived in urban areas. After adjustment, rural residents spent less time watching television (odds ratio – OR: 0.45; 95% confidence interval – 95%CI: 0.39-0.52), using a computer and/or playing video games (OR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.22-0.42), or sitting down (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.54-0.80); chose passive leisure less often (OR: 0.83; 95%IC: 0.72-0.95) and were less likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 0.88; 95%IC: 0.78-0.99) when compared to urban residents, regardless of sex or age. The fact that adolescents living in rural areas who did not work were more likely to be classified as insufficiently active (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 2.07-3.24) emphasized the significant role of occupation in physical activity levels in this group. Conclusion Adolescents living in rural areas were less exposed to the sedentary behaviors, chose more active leisure, and had higher levels of physical activity. Place of residence and occupation may play a major role in youth lifestyle.


RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os níveis de atividade física e o comportamento sedentário em adolescentes das áreas urbanas e rurais. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa e abrangência estadual, cuja amostra foi constituída por 6.234 estudantes (14 a 19 anos), selecionados por meio de uma estratégia de amostragem aleatória de conglomerados. As análises foram realizadas por meio do teste χ2 e da regressão logística binária. Resultados Na amostra, 74,5% dos adolescentes eram residentes em área urbana. Após o ajuste, constatou-se que os adolescentes oriundos da área rural usavam menos televisão (odds ratio – OR: 0,45; intervalo de confiança de 95% – IC95%: 0,39-0,52), computador e/ou videogame (OR: 0,30; IC95%: 0,22-0,42), passavam menos tempo sentados (OR: 0,66; IC95%: 0,54-0,80), optaram menos pelo lazer passivo (OR: 0,83; IC95%: 0,72-0,95) e tinham menos chances de serem classificados como insuficientes ativos (OR: 0,88; IC95%: 0,78-0,99), quando comparados àqueles que residiam na área urbana, independentemente do sexo e da idade. Os adolescentes da área rural que não trabalhavam apresentaram mais chances de serem classificados como insuficientemente ativos (OR: 2,59; IC95%: 2,07-3,24), mostrando que a ocupação tinha um papel importante no nível de atividade física deste grupo. Conclusão Os adolescentes residentes na área rural estiveram menos expostos aos comportamentos sedentários, optaram mais por um lazer ativo e apresentaram um melhor nível de atividade física, podendo a zona de domicílio e a ocupação influenciar no estilo de vida deles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Exercise , Health Behavior , Adolescent Behavior , Sedentary Behavior , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Leisure Activities
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